« Recherche:Collaboration juive sous le nazisme » : différence entre les versions

L’attitude de certains kapos juifs du [[w:Auschwitz|camp d’Auschwitz]] a été remise en lumière en 2014 par l’édition anglaise de l’ouvrage de Tuvia Friling<ref group=H name="Friling_p.139">{{Harvsp|Friling|Watzman|2014|p=139|id=Friling}} {{commentaire biblio|{{cita|{{lang|en|''Isaac Loberstein made serious accusations. “Gruenbaum was the chief of Block 9, where I was,” he testified. “He was very evil. Inflicted terror. He had 950 men under his thumb. When I arrived I spoke to him in Yiddish. He displayed displeasure and beat me with a stick. The prisoners went out to work at 3.30 in the morning, and to spur them on he beat them with a pickax handle. Some, the sick and tired, couldn't go out and remained in the camp. In the evening we found them dead from his beatings. Gruenbaum mocked us: "What good will it do you to eat, you don't have more than half an hour to live anyway." "My son was in a neighboring block and tried several times to come see me," Loberstein continued. "He [Eliezer] beat him with his sticks and my son died from the blows he received from Gruenbaum and others.''}}}}}}</ref> relatif au procès du plus célèbre d’entre eux, [[w:Yitzhak_Gruenbaum#Biographie|Eliezer Gruenbaum]]<ref group=H name="Glasner-Heled">{{Harvsp|Glasner-Heled|Bar-On|2009|p=1-23|id=Glasner-Heled}} {{commentaire biblio|{{cita|{{lang|en|''Eliezer Gruenbaum, the communist son of Yitzhak Gruenbaum, who was a prominent leader of Polish Jewry between the two world wars and Israel’s first interior minister, was a kapo in Auschwitz-Birkenau.''}}}}}}</ref> — identifié en France sous le pseudonyme de Léon Berger<ref name="Berger_BnF">{{article|titre=Eliezer Gruenbaum (1908-1948)|périodique=date-bnf.fr|éditeur=BnF [[w:Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothèque nationale de France]]|url texte=http://data.bnf.fr/16168561/eliezer_gruenbaum/}}

:: Juriste, militant politique. Déporté au camp de concentration d'Auschwitz. A été kapo au camp de concentration d'Auschwitz. A pris le nom de guerre Léon Berger en Espagne.</ref>{{,}}<ref group=H name="Friling_2009" />{{,}}<ref group=H name="Jockusch_p.143">{{Harvsp|Jockusch|Finder|al.|2015|p=143|id=Jockusch}} {{commentaire biblio|{{cita|{{lang|en|''Eliezer Gruenbam, a communist activist known in France under the pseudonym of Leon Berger, who had been a kapo in Birkenau, managed to escape being tried.''}}}}}}</ref> —, dont les liens familiaux avec [[w:Yitzhak_Gruenbaum|Yitzhak Gruenbaum]]<ref group=H name="Glasner-Heled" />, premier ministre de l’intérieur du nouvel état d’Israël, ont fait l’objet en leur temps de débats houleux.

|langue originale=he|langue=en|titre= A Jewish kapo in Auschwitz : history, memory, and the politics of survival|format=[« Un kapo juif à Auschwitz : histoire, mémoire et politique de survie »]|auteur=Tuvia Friling|traducteur=Haim Watzman|id=Friling|passage=[https://books.google.fr/books?id=sErkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q&f=false 139]|lieu=[[w:rn:Brandeis University|Brandeis University]]|éditeur=Waltham, Massachusetts, UPNE : [[w:en:University Press of New England|University Press of New England]]|année première édition=2009|date=2014|colletion=The Schusterman series in Israel studies|lccn=2013049171|isbn=9781611685763|isbn2=9781611685879|isbn3=9781611685770|présentation en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=jkvkAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}} {{commentaire biblio|{{cita|{{lang|en|''Isaac Loberstein made serious accusations. “Gruenbaum was the chief of Block 9, where I was,” he testified. “He was very evil. Inflicted terror. He had 950 men under his thumb. When I arrived I spoke to him in Yiddish. He displayed displeasure and beat me with a stick. The prisoners went out to work at 3.30 in the morning, and to spur them on he beat them with a pickax handle. Some, the sick and tired, couldn't go out and remained in the camp. In the evening we found them dead from his beatings. Gruenbaum mocked us: "What good will it do you to eat, you don't have more than half an hour to live anyway." "My son was in a neighboring block and tried several times to come see me," Loberstein continued. "He [Eliezer] beat him with his sticks and my son died from the blows he received from Gruenbaum and others.''}}}}}}

* {{Ouvrage|langue=en|titre=Jewish honor courts : revenge, retribution, and reconciliation in Europe and Israel after the Holocaust|titre chapitre=Les tribunaux d'honneur juifs : vengeance, châtiment et réconciliation en Europe et en Israël après l'Holocauste|éditeur=Wayne State University Press|id=Jockusch|lieu=Detroit|date=juin 2015|lccn=2014951468|isbn=9780814338773|isbn2=0814338771|format=published in association with the ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum''|passage=[https://books.google.fr/books?id=PlRQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143&lpg=PA143&dq=%22Eliezer+Gruenbaum%22+trial&source=bl&ots=ezx8040GsJ&sig=5O_CpkVkvWsj4wb-ivKjRbEH9EM&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhrNidtpTQAhXDuhQKHewnD8YQ6AEIOjAC#v=onepage&q=%22Eliezer%20Gruenbaum%22%20%22Leon%20Berger%22&f=false 143]|présentation en ligne=https://www.ushmm.org/research/publications/academic-publications/full-list-of-academic-publications/jewish-honor-courts|format=Collectifcollectif d’auteurs placé sous la direction éditoriale de Laura Jockusch et Gabriel N. Finder ; les plumes suivantes ont contribué à la rédaction de cet ouvrage : Veerle Vanden Daelen, Dan Porat, Ido de Haan, Nico Wouters, Katarzyna Person, Helga Embacher, Rivka Brot, Gabriel N. Finder, Laura Jockusch, David Engel, Simon Perego, Ewa Kozminska-Frejlak, Gali Drucker Bar-Am ; à noter que le chapitre ''The Gray Zone of Collaboration and the Israeli Courtroom'' rédigé par Rivka Brot a remporté le premier Prix annuel de l'Organisation israélienne d'histoire et de droit récompensant le meilleur article consacré à l'histoire du droit publié en 2015 par un chercheur israélien<ref name="ushmm2">{{Article|titre=Finalist: National Jewish Book Award (Hocolaust Category), edited by Laura Jockush and Gabriel N. Finder|langue=en|titre volume=''Jewish Honor Courts: Revenge, Retribution, and Reconciliation in Europe and Israel after the Holocaust''|périodique=ushmm.org|éditeur=ushmm.org|éditeur=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|lieu=Washington, DC|url texte=https://www.ushmm.org/research/publications/academic-publications/full-list-of-academic-publications/jewish-honor-courts}}</ref>}} {{commentaire biblio|{{cita|{{lang|en|''EliezerRivka GruenbamBrot’s chapter, a“The communistGray activistZone knownof inCollaboration Franceand underthe Israeli Courtroom,” has won the pseudonymfirst annual Prize of Leonthe Berger,Israeli whoOrganization hadof beenHistory aand kapoLaw for the Best Article in Birkenau,the managedHistory toof escapeLaw beingpublished in 2015 by an Israeli triedscholar.''}}}}}}</ref>}}